Ethical And Legal Standards In Counseling

CCEUS41 – Ethical And Legal Standards In Counseling

Course Study Description

CCEUS41 - Ethical And Legal Standards In Counseling. [Approved for 10 contact hours by The National Board For Certified Counselors  - Provider #5936] - [$50.00 -  NO OTHER COURSE FEES APPLY]The focus of the work in this course is to give a comprehensive overview or the ethical and legal standards and issues in the field of counseling.  This is accomplished through a combination of textbook readings, actual professional codes of ethics, legal guidelines and opinions, case studies, and counseling vignettes.  Textbook reading and internet sources are necessary to complete the work in the course.  Topics include understanding the foundations of ethical and legal considerations in counseling, The ACA Code Of Ethics and Standards Of Practice (including ethical use of the internet), client rights and informed consent, ethical considerations in multicultural counseling, confidentiality, competence, working with multiple clients, counseling minor clients, dual relationships, counseling suicidal clients, ethical issues in training and supervision,  and the relationship between law and ethics. Materials include a Course Description, Course Directions, Course Outcomes, Textbook Reference, Study Guide Questions, Vocabulary List, Supplementary Readings, and Related Links to guide the study of the material in the course.  A final examination with a score of 80% is required for successful completion of the course. NBCC Content Area: Professional Orientation.  .

Textbook

Anderson, Barbara  S. (1996) The Counselor And The Law. 4th edition. Alexandria, VA: The American Counseling Association. (Paperback - March 1996), ISBN #1556201524 ,  $36.95

Course Directions

Click on the Course Directions page to read course procedures. 

Course Outcomes

As a result of the work in this course, the student/counselor will:

1. duty to report
2. duty to warn
3. AIDS and confidentiality
4. minors
5. group and family counseling
6. public offenders
7. reports and records
8. subpeonas
9. court appearances

1. competence and preparation
2. duty to care

1. diagnosis and scope of treatment
2. failure to treat or refer
3. group counseling
4. crisis intervention
5. repressed or false memory
6. responsibility for supervision
7. birth control
8. abortion counseling
9. sexual misconduct
10. non-clinical issues
11. group practice

1. illegal search and seizure
2. defamation
3. invasion of privacy
4. breach of contract
5. copyright infringement
6. insurance fraud

1. forms of operation
2. basic business procedures
3. insurance protection
4. federal and state tax
5. employment law
6. hiring, training, and supervising employees
7. records and record-keeping
8. third party payment
9. ADA considerations
10. licensure
11. professional liability insurance
12. reporting unprofessional conduct
13. responding to ethic and unprofessional complaints

Study Guide Questions

1. duty to report
2. duty to warn
3. AIDS and confidentiality
4. minors
5. group and family counseling
6. public offenders
7. reports and records
8. subpeonas
9. court appearances

1. competence and preparation
2. duty to care

1. diagnosis and scope of treatment
2. failure to treat or refer
3. group counseling
4. crisis intervention
5. repressed or false memory
6. responsibility for supervision
7. birth control
8. abortion counseling
9. sexual misconduct
10. non-clinical issues
11. group practice

1. illegal search and seizure
2. defamation
3. invasion of privacy
4. breach of contract
5. copyright infringement
6. insurance fraud

1. forms of operation
2. basic business procedures
3. insurance protection
4. federal and state tax
5. employment law
6. hiring, training, and supervising employees
7. records and record-keeping
8. third party payment
9. ADA considerations
10. licensure
11. professional liability insurance
12. reporting unprofessional conduct
13. responding to ethic and unprofessional complaints

Vocabulary

ETHICS IN TRANSCULTURAL COUNSELING

LaFromboise, T. D., & Foster, S. L. (1989). Ethics in multicultural counseling. In P. Pedersen, J. Draguns, W. Lonner, and J. Trimble (Eds.) Counseling across cultures (3rd ed.) (pp. 115- 136). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.


FEMINIST ETHICS

Gartrell, N. K. (Ed.). (1994). Bringing ethics alive: feminist ethics in psychotherapy practice. New York: Hawthorth Press.

Lerma, H., & Potter, N. (Eds.). (1990). Feminist ethics in psychotherapy. New York: Springer.

Tong, R. (1993). Feminine and feminist ethics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.


LAW AND LEGISLATION IN COUNSELING

American Counseling Association Legal Series. (1992). Law and management of a counseling agency or private practice. Alexandria, VA: ACA.

Austin, K. M., Moline, M. M., & Williams, G. T. (1990). Confronting malpractice: Legal and ethical dilemmas in psychotherapy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Beck, J. (Ed.). (1985). The potentially violent patient and the Tarasoff decision in psychiatric practice. Washington, DC: American Psychatric Press.

Bednar, R. L., Bednar, S. C., Lambert, M. J., & Waite, D. R. (1991). Psychotherapy with high-risk clients: Legal and professional issues. Pacific Grove, CA: Broods/Cole.

Bennet, B. E. (1990). Professional liability and risk management. Washington, DC: APA.

Bolten, F. G. (1987). Working with violent families: A guide for clinical and legal practitioners. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Bonger, B. (1991). The suicidal patient: Clinical and legal standards of care. Washington, DC: APA.

Burgum, T., & Anderson, S. (1975). The counselor and the law. Washington, DC: American Association of Counseling and Development.

Cohen, M. L. (Ed.) (1976). How to find the law (7th ed.). St. Paul, MN: West.

Everstine, L., & Everstine, D. S. (Eds.). (1986). Psychotherapy and the law. Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton.

Fisher, L. (1985). School law for counselors, psycholgists, and social workers. New York: Longman.

Ganley, A. L. (1981). Court-mandated counseling for men who batter: A three-day workshop for mental health professionals: Participant's manual. Washington, DC: Center for Women Policy Studies.

Hopkins, B., & Anderson, B. (1985). The counselor and the law. Alexandria, VA: AACD Press.

Hummel, D. L., Talbutt, L. C., & Alexander, M. D. (1985). Law and ethics in counseling. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Jacob, S., & Hawthorne, T. S. (1991). Ethics and law for school psychologists. Brandod, VT: Clinical Psychology Publishing Co.

Knapp, S., Vandecreek, L., & Herzog, C. (1986). The duty to protect: Legal principles and guidelines. In P. Keller & L. Ritt (Eds.) Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book (pp. 383-389). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.

Malcolm, J. G. (1988). Treatment choices and informed consent: Current controversies in psychiatric malpractice litigation. Springfield, IL: Thomas.

Martin, R. (1975). Legal challenges to behavior modification: Trends in schools, corrections, and mental health. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

Meyer, R. G. (1988). Law for psychotherapists. New York: Norton.

Nygard, J. M. (1973). The counselor and students' legal rights. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

O'Reilly, R. C., & Green, E. T. (Ed.'s). (1983). School law for the practitioner. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Reaves, T. P. (1986). Legal liability and psychologists. In R. R. Kilburg, P. E. Nathan, & R. W. Thoreson (Eds.) Professionals in distress: issues, syndromes and solutions in psychology (pp. 173-184). Washington, DC: APA.

Reilly, P. (1977). Genetics, law, and social policy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Remley, T. P. (1991). Preparing for court appearances. Alexandria, VA: AACD.

Rinas, J. (1988). Professional conduct and legal concerns in mental health practice. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.

Robinson, D. N. (1980). Psychology and the law. New York: Oxford University Press.

Schoenfeld, C. G. (1984). Psychoanalysis applied to the law. Port Washington, NY: Associated Faculty Press.

Schutz, B. (1982). Legal liability in psychotherapy. San Francisco: Jossey-Boss.

Slovenko, R. (1980). Legal issues in psychotherapy supervision. In A. K. Hess (Ed.) Psychotherapy supervision: Theory, research and practice (pp. 448-469). New York: Wiley.

Smith (1996). Legal and healthcare ethics for the elderly. Taylor and Francis.

Smith, S. R., & Meyer, R. G. (1987). Law, behavior, and mental health: policy and practice. New York: New York University Press.

Stevens-Smith, P., & Hughes, M. M. (1993). Legal issues in marriage and family counseling. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Thompson, A. (1983). Ethical concerns in psychotherapy and their legal ramifications. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Ware, M. L. (Ed.). (1987). Law of guidance and counseling. Cincinnati: W. H. Anderson.

Wasswestrom, R. A. (Ed.) (1971). Morality and the law. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Woody, R. H. (1984). The law and the practice of human services. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Woody, R. H. (1988). Protecting your mental health practice: How to minimize legal and financial risk. San Francisco: Jossey-Boss.

Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Psychology and the legal system (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.


MALPRACTICE

Austin, K. M., Moline, M. E., & Williams, G. T. (1990). Confronting malpractice: Legal & ethical dilemmas in psychotherapy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bennett, B. E., Bryant, B. K., VandesBos, G. R., & Greenwood, A. (1990). Professional liability and risk management. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Stein, H. (1982). Ethics and other liabilities. New York: St. Martin's Press.


MEDICAL ETHICS

Applewhite, S. R. (1981). Genetic screening and counseling: A multidisciplinary perspective: Proceedings of a conference on genetic screening and counseling. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Beauchamp, T., & Childress, J. (1983). Principles of biomedical ethics. New York: Vintage Books.

Binstock, R.H., Post, S.G. & Whitehouse, P.J. Dementia and aging: Ethics, values, and policy choices. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Bosk, C. L. (1992). All God's mistakes: Genetic counseling in a pediatric hospital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ginzburg, H. M.(1990). HIV infections and AIDS: Neuropsychiatric, psychosocial, and
legal issues. In R. Rosner & R. Weinstock's (Eds.) Ethical practice in psychiatry and the law. Critical issues in American psychiatry and the law, vol. 7 (219-242). New York: Plenum Press.

Heintze, C. (1987). Medical ethics. New York: Franklin Watts.

Hilton, B. and others (Eds.). (1973). Ethical issues in human genetics: Genetic counseling and the use of genetic knowledge. New York: Plenum.

Jecker, N. A. S.(1991). Aging and ethics:Philosophical problems in gerontology. Clifton, NJ: Humana Press Inc.

Kogan, B. S. (Ed.). (1991). A time to be born and a time to die: The ethics of choice. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine De Gruyter.

Loewy, E. (1989). Textbook of medical ethics. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co.

Mosen, M. B. (1985). Genetic counseling: In ethical and legal problems. St. Louis, MO: Catholic Health Association of the United States.

Pope, K. S., & Morin, S. F. (1991), AIDS and HIV infection update: New research, ethical responsibilities, evolving legal frameworks, and published resources. In P. A. Keller & S. R. Heyman's (Eds.) Innovations in clinical practice: A source book, Vol. 10. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.

Landes, A., Cessna, C.B. & Foster, C.D. (1992). Death and dying: Who decides? Wylie, TX: Information Plus.

Pueschel, S. M., & Goldstein, A. (1991). Genetic counseling. In J. L. Matson & J. A. Mulick's (Eds.) Handbook of mental retardation (2nd ed.). New York: Pergamon Press.

Rosenthal, M. B. (1990). Single women requesting artificial insemination by donor. In N. Sttotland's (Ed.) Psychiatric aspects of reproductive technology. Issues in psychiatry. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.

Vaux, K.L. (1992). Death ethics: Religious and cultural values in prolonging and ending life. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International.


MORAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF PSCYHOTHERAPY,
PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELING -- GENERAL

Andrew, T. (1990). Guide to ethical practice in psychotherapy. New York: Wiley.

Barker, P. J., & Baldwin, S. (Eds.). (1991). Ethical issues in mental health. New York: Chapman & Hall.

Bersoff, D. (1995). Ethical Conflicts in Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Biggs, D., & Blocker, D. (1987). Foundations of ethical counseling. New York: Springer.

Blackham, H. J. (Ed.). (1974). Ethical standards in counselling: Papers presented by a working party to the Standard Conference for the Advancement of Counselling. London: Bedford Square Press.

Bockoven, J.S. (1972). Moral treatment in community mental health. New York: Springer Pub. Co.

Callis, R., Pope, S. K., & Depaw, M. E. (1982). Ethical standards Casebook (3rd ed.). American Personnel and Guidance Association.

Canter, M., Bennett, B., Jones, S., & Nagy, T. (1994). Ethics for Psychologists: A commentary on the APA ethics code. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Carroll, M. A. (1985). Ethics in the practice of psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Christiansen, H. D. (1972). Ethics in counseling: Problem situations. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press.

Corey, G., Corey, M., & Callanan, P. (1982). A casebook of ethical guidelines for group leaders. Monterey, CA:Brooks/Cole.

Corey, G., Schneider-Corey, M., & Callanan, P. (1988). Issues and ethics in the helping profession. (3rd ed.) Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Cosculluela, V. (1995). The ethics of suicide. New York: Garland.

Dienhart, J. W. (1982). A cognitive approach to the ethics of counseling psychology. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America.

Drucker, S. J. (1990). Legal and ethical implications of mediated therapeutic communication. In G. Gumpert & S. L. Fish's (Eds.) Talking to strangers: Mediated therapeutic communication. Communication and Information Science (pp. 200-213). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp.

Edwards, R. B. (Ed.) (1982). Psychiatry and ethics. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.

Emener, W. G. (1991). Professionalism and ethics in human services careers and professions. In W. G. Emener's, M. A. Darrow's (Eds.). Career explorations in human services (pp. 295- 306). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, Publisher.

Felthous, A. (1989). The psychotherapist's duty to warn or protect. Springfield, IL: Thomas.

Finkel, N. J. (1980). Therapy and ethics: The courtship of law and psychology. New York: Grune & Stratton.

Flanagan, O. J. (1992). Varieties of moral personality; Ethics and psychological realism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Fromm, E. (1947). An inquiry into the psychology of ethics. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Goldberg, C. (1977). Therapeutic partnership: Ethical concerns in psychotherapy. New York: Springer.

Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry Committee on Medical Education. (1990). A casebook in psychiatric ethics. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.

Hoffman, J. C. (1979). Ethical confrontation in counseling. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Huckins, W. (1968). Ethical and legal considerations in guidance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Jensen, R. E. (Ed.). (1992). Standards and ethics in clinical psychology. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Keith-Spiegel, P., & Koocher, G. P. (1985). Ethics in psychology: Professional standards and cases. New York: Random House.

Kentsmith, D. K., Salladay, S. A., & Miya, P. A. (1986). Ethics in mental health practice. New York: Grune & Stratton.

Knapp, S. (1987). Privileged communications in the mental health professions. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Kotler, J., & Brown, R. (1992). The imperfect therapist. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Lakin, M. (1988). Ethical issues in the psychotherapies. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lakin, M. (1991). Coping with ethical dilemmas in psychotherapy. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.

London, K. (1964). The modes and morals of psychotherapy. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.

Macklin, R. (1982). Man, mind, and morality: The ethics of behavior control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Evans, C. S. (1977). Preserving the person. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-varsity Press.

Mindell, J. A. (1993). Issues in clinical psychology. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.

Rave, E., & Larson, C. (1995). Ethical decision making in therapy: feminist perspectives. New York: Guilford Press.

Reiser, S. J. and others (Eds.). (1987). Divided staffs divided selves: A case approach to mental health ethics. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Rosenbaum, M. (1982). Ethics and values in psychotherapy: A guidebook. New York: Macmillan.

Shuman, S. W., & Weiner, M. F. (Ed.'s). (1987). The psychotherapist-patient privilege: a critical examination. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Steer, J. (1984). Ethics in clinical psychology. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

Stein, R. H. (1990). Ethical issues in counseling. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus.

Steininger, M., Newell, J. D., & Garcia. L. T. (1984). Ethical issues in psychology. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.

Stolz, S., & Associates (1978). Ethical issues in behavior modification. San Francisco: Jossey- Boss.

Stude, E. W. (1975). Ethics and the counselor: A situational case study approach. Fullerton, CA: California Personnel and Guidance Association.

Szasz, T. S. (1965). The ethics of psychoanalysis: The theory and method of autonomous psychotherapy. New York: Basic.

Thompson, A. (1990). Guide to ethical practice in psychotherapy. New York: Wiley-Interscience.

Van Hoose, W. H. (1979). Ethics in counseling and psychotherapy: Perspectives in issues and decision making: Includes ethical judgement scale and manual. Cranston, RI: Carroll Press.

Van Hoose, W. H., & Kottler, J. A. (1988). Ethical and legal issues in counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Boss.

Vesper, J. H. (1991). Ethics, legalities, and professional practice issues in marital and family therapy. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Wallwork, E. (1991). Psychoanalysis and ethics. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Walrond-Skinner, S., & Watson, D. (Eds.). (1987). Ethical issues in family therapy. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.


MORALS, MORAL THEORY AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Baier, K. (1958). The moral point of view. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.

Bok, S. (1979). Lying: Moral choice in public and private life. New York: Random House Vintage Books.

Brennan, J. G. (1973). Ethics and morals. New York: Harper & Row.

Dancy, J. (1993). Moral reasons. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Doherty, W. (1995). Soul Searching: why psychotherapy must promote moral responsibility. New York: BasicBooks.

Fox, R., & DeMarco, J. (1990). Moral reasoning: A philosophic approach to ethics. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

Garner, R., & Rosen, B. (1967). Moral philosophy. New York: Macmillan Company.

Gewirth, A. (1978). Reason and morality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge, MS: Harvard University Press.

Greenspan, P. (1995). Practical guilt: Moral dilemmas, emotions, and social norms. New York: Oxford University Press.

Harmon, G. (1977). The nature of morality: An introduction to ethics. London: Penguin Books.

Holm, J., & Bowker, J. (Eds.). (1994). Making moral decisions. New York: Pinter Publishers.

Macintyre, A. (1981). After virtue: A study in moral theory. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

Mowrer, O. H. (Ed.) (1967). Morality and mental health. Chicago: Rand McNally.

Nakkula, M., & Selman, R. (1991). How people "treat" each other: Pair therapy as a context for the development of interpersonal ethics. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirts' (Eds.) Handbook of moral behavior and development, Vol. 1; Theory; Vol. 2: Research; Vol. 3: Application. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Nelson, K. (1989). Why be moral? Buffalo: Prometheus Books.

Paton, H. J. (1964). Immanuel Kant: Groundwork of the metaphysic of morals. (H. J. Paton, Trans.) New York: Harper & Row.

Paton, H. J. (1967). The categorical imperative: A study in Kant's moral philosophy (6th ed.). London: Hutchinson.

Rest, J., & Narvaez, D. (Eds.). (1994). Moral development in the professions: Psychology and applied ethics. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ryan, A. (Ed.). (1987). John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham: Utilitarianism and other essays. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.

Stevenson, L. (1974). Seven theories of human nature. New York: Oxford University Press.

Thomas, L. (1989). Living morally: A psychology of moral character. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Thomas, L. (1993). The reality of the moral self. The Monist, 76, 3-21.

Wakin, M.M. (Ed.) (1986). War, morality and the military profession (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Wallach, J. (1992). Contemporary Aristotelianism. Political Theory, 20, 613-641.

Wasswestrom, R. A. (Ed.) (1971). Morality and the law. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.


PHILOSOPHY IN COUNSELING

Barclay, J. (1968). Counseling and philosophy: A theoretical Exposition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Beauchamp, T. L. (1982). Philosophical ethics. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Beck, C. E. (Ed.). (1971). Philosophical guidelines for counseling. Dubuque: W. C. Brown.

Ciardi, J. (1954). The Inferno: Dante's immortal journey through hell. New York: Mentor Books.
Griffiths, A. P. (Ed.). (1994). Philosophy, psychology, and psychiatry. New York: Cambridge Universtiy Press.

Haworth, L. (1986). Autonomy: An essay in philosophical psychology and ethics. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Hooft, S. (1995). Caring: An essay in the philosophy of ethics. Niwot, CA: University Press of Colorado.

Irwin, T. (1985). Aristotle: Nicomachean ethics (T. Irwin, Trans.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Kendler, H. H. (1981). Psychology: A science in conflict. New York: Oxford Press.

Miller, R. B. (1992). The Restoration of dialogue: readings in the philosophy of clinical psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. New Haven, CN: Harvard University.

Ross, W. (Trans.) (1954). Aristole's ethics. Chicago: Contemporary Books.

Sher, G. (ed.) (1979). John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.

Taylor, P. W. (ed.) (1978). Problems of moral philosophy (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

Warnock, G. J. (1967). Contemporary moral philosophy. (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.


PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

Bayles, M. D. (1981). Professional ethics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Bissell, L., & Royce, J. E. (1987). Ethics for addiction professionals. Center City, MN: Hazeldon.

Bond, T. (1993). Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Callahan, J. C. (1988). Ethical issues in professional life. New York: Oxford University Press.

Deiner, E., & Callanan, P. (1978). Ethics in social and behavioral research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Dunlop, R. (1968). Professional problems in school counseling practice. Scranton, PA: International Textbooks.

Erwin, E., Gendin, S., & Kleiman, L. (1994). Ethical issues in scientific research: an anthology. New York: Garland.

Faden, R., & Beauchamp, T. (1986). A history and theory of informed consent. New York: Oxford Press.

Fairbairn, S., & Fairbairn, G. (1987). Psychology ethics and change. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Fretz, B., & Mills, D. (1980). Professional problems in school counseling practice. Scranton, PA: International Textbook.

Gorlin, R. A. (1990). Codes of professional responsibility (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: BNA.

Haas, L. J., & Malouf, J. L. (1989). Keeping up the good work: A practitioner's guide to mental health ethics. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.

Haldeman, D. C. (1991). Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy. In J. C. Gonsiorek & J. D. Weinrich's (Eds.) Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (149-160). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Herlihy, B., & Golden, L. (1990). AACD ethical standards (4th ed.). Alexandria, VA: AACD.

Herlihy, B., & Golden, L. (1990). Ethical standards casebook (4th ed.). Alexandria, VA: AACD.

Huber, C. H., & Baruth. L. G. (1987). Ethical, legal and professional issues in the practice of marriage and family therapy. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing.

Huey, W. C., & Remley, T. P. (1988). Ethical and legal issues in school counseling. Alexandria, VA: AACD.

Kalichman, S. (1993). Mandated reporting of suspected child abuse: Ethics, law, and policy.

Koening (1994). Aging and God. Haworth.

Koocher, G. P., & Keith-Speigel, P. C. (1990). Children, ethics, and the law: Professional issues and cases. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Loewenberg, G., & Dolgoff, R. (1988). Ethical decisions for social work practice (3rd ed.). Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock.

Masters, W. H. (Ed.). (1980). Ethical issues in sex therapy and research. Boston: Little, Brown.

Masters, W. H., Johnson, V. L., & Kolodny, R. (1977). Ethical issues in sex therapy and research. Boston: Little, Brown.

Meara, N. M., & Schmidt, L. D. (1991). The ethics of researching counseling/therapy processes. In Research in Counseling (pp. 237-259). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates.

Monahan, J. (1971). Who is the client? The ethics of psychological intervention in the criminal justice system. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

Nielsen, K. (1973). Ethics without God. Buffalo: Pemberton Books and Prometheus Books.

Pope, K. S., & Vasques, J. T. (1991). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling: A practical guide for psychologists. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Schulte, J. M. (1995). Ethics in school counseling. New York: Teachers College Press.

Schwartzbaum, R.C. (1992). Social skills training: Ethical issues and guidelines. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.

Sorenson, G. (1996). School law for counselors, psychologists, and social workers (3rd ed.). Longman.

Taylor, L. J. (1985). Being and ethical professional in private sector rehabilitation. In L. J. Taylor, M. Golter, G. Golter, & T. E. Becker (Eds.), Handbook of private sector rehabilitation (pp. 212-230). New York: Springer.

Ronch, J. L., van Ornum, W., & Stilwell, N. C. (Eds.). (1994). The counseling sourcebook: a practical reference on contemporary issues. New York: Crossroad.


RELIGION IN COUNSELING

Burke, M. T., & Miranti, J. S. (Eds.). (1992). Ethical and spiritual values in counseling. Alexandria, VA: ARVIC.

Knubel, F. R. (1952). Pastoral counseling. Philadelphia: Muhlenburg Press.

Lovinger, R. (1990). Religion and counseling: The psychological impact of religious belief. New York: Continuum Publishing Company.

Spero, M. H. (1986). Handbook of psychotherapy and Jewish ethics: Halakhic perspectives on professional values and techniques. New York: Feldheim.

Worthington, E. (Ed.). (1993). Psychotherapy and religious values. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House.

SEX BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL AND CLIENT -- MORAL, LEGAL AND
ETHICAL ASPECTS

Bates, C. M., & Brodsky, A. M. (1989). Sex in the therapy hour: A case of professional incest. New York: Guilford Press.

Burgess, A. W., & Hartman, C. R. (1986). Sexual exploitation of patients by health professionals. New York: Praeger.

Department of Counsumer Affairs. (1990). Professional therapy never includes sex. Sacramento, CA: Author.

Edelwich, J., & Brodsky, A. (1991). Sexual Dilemmas for the helping professional (rev. ed.). New York: Brunner/Mazel, Inc.

Friedman, J. (1995). Betrayal of trust: Sex and power in professional relationships. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Gabbard, G. O. (Ed.). (1989). Sexual exploitation in professional relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Gonsiorek, J. (Ed). (1995). Breach of trust: Sexual exploitation by health care professionals and clergy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Jehu, D. (1994). Patients as victims: Sexual abuse in psychotherapy and counseling. New York: J. Wiley.

Pope, K. S., & Bouhoutsos, J. C. (1986). Sexual intimacy between therapists and patients. New York: Praeger.

Pope, K. S., Sonne, J. L., & Holroyd, J. (1993). Sexual feelings in psychotherapy: Explorations for therapists and therapists-in-training. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Russell, J. (1993). Out of bounds: Sexual exploitation in counselling and therapy. London: Sage Publications.

Rutter, P. (1986). Sex in the forbidden zone. Los Angles: Jeremy P. Tarcher.

Schoener, G. R., Milgrom, J. H., Gonsiorek, J. C., Luepker, E. T., & Conroe, R. M. (1990). Psychotherapists' sexual involvement with clients: Intervention and prevention. Minneapolis, MN: Walk-in Counseling Ctr.

Strean, H. S. (1993). Therapists who have sex with their patients: treatment and recovery. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers.

SOCIAL ETHICS

Donaldson, T. (1986). Issues in moral philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Rachels, J. (1986). Elements of moral philosophy. New York: Random House.

Kelman, H. C. (1989). Manipulation of human behavior: An ethical dilemma for the social scientist. In W. G. Bennis, K. D. Benne, & R. Chin (Eds.) The planning of change (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Mappes, T. A., & Zembaty, J. S. (Eds.) (1982). Social ethics (2nd ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill.


VALUES

Barry, R. (1965). Motives, values, and realities: A framework for counseling. New York: Teachers College Press.

Curran, C. (1968). Counseling and psychotherapy: The pursuit of values. New York: Sheed and Ward.

Hart, G. M. (1982). Values clarification for counselors. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Hansen, J. C. (Ed.) (1982). Values, ethics, legalities and the family therapist. Rockville, MD: Aspen.

Kalish, R. A., & Collier, K. W. (1981). Exploring human values: Psychological and philosophical considerations. Monterey CA: Brooks/Cole.

Katz, M. (1963). Decisions and values: A rationale for secondary school guidance. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.

Lewis, H. (1990). A question of values: Six ways we make the personal choices that shape our lives. San Francisco: Harper & Row.

Margolis, J. (Ed.) (1971). Values and conduct. New York: Oxford University Press.

Peterson, J. (1989). Counseling and values: A philosophical examination. Cranston, RI: Carroll Press.

Raths, L., Hamrin, M., & Simon, S. (1978). Values in teaching (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press.

Young, R. B. (Ed.). (1993). Identifying and implementing the essential values of the profession. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

JOURNAL ARTICLES

CONFIDENTIALITY

Burke, C. (1994). Until death do us part: An exploration into confidentiality following the death of a client. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 26, 278-281.

Cohen, E. D. (1990). Confidentiality, counseling, and clients who have AIDS: Ethical foundations of a model rule. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68(3), 282-286.

Davis, T., & Ritchie, M. (1993). Confidentiality and the school counselor: A challenge for the 1990's. School Counselor, 41, 23-30.

Driscoll, J. M. (1992). Keeping covenants and confidence sacred: One point of view. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 704-708.

Goldman, L. (1969). Privilege or privacy. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 48(3), 84-88.

Gray, L. A., & Harding, A. K. (1988). Confidentiality limits with clients who have the AIDS virus. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66(5), 219-223.

Handeleman, M. M. (1987). Confidentiality: The ethical baby in the legal bath water. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 18(4), 33-34.

Harding, A.K., Gray, L.A. & Neal, M. (1993). Confidentiality limits with clients who have HIV: A review of ethical and legal guidelines and professional policies. Special Feature: AIDS and HIV. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(3), 297-305.

Hendrix, D. H. (1991). Ethics and intrafamily confidentiality in counseling with children. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 13(3), 232-333.

Kagle, J. (1994). Confidentiality after Tarasoff. Health and Social Work, 19, 217-223.

Lynch, S. K. (1993). AIDS: Balancing confidentiality and the duty to protect. Journal of College Student Development, 34, 148-153.

Patrila, J.P., & Sadoff, R.L., (1992). Confidentiality and the family as caregiver. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43(2), 136-139.

Piazza, N. J., & Yeager, R. D. (1990). Federal confidentiality regulations for substance abuse treatment facilities: A case in applied ethics. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 12(2), 225-227.

Siegel, M. (1979). Privacy, ethics, and confidentiality. Professional Psychology, 10(2), 249-258.

Smith-Bell, M., & Winslade, W. J. (1994). Privacy, confidentiality, and privilege in psychotherapeutic relationships. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 180-193.

Standish, L. D. (1990). Ethics of confidentiality with persons with life-threatening diseases. Journal of Training and Practice in Professional Psychology, 4(2), 52-58.

Strein, W., & Hershenson, D. B. (1991). Confidentiality in non-dyadic counseling situations. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69(4), 312-316.

Thelen, M, Rodriguez, M., & Sprengelmeyer, P. (1994). Psychologists' beliefs concerning confidentiality with suicide, homicide, and child abuse. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48, 363-380.

Wagner, C. A. (1981). Confidentiality and the school counselor. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 59, 305-310.

Yu, M.M., & O'Neal, B. (1992). Issues of confidentiality when working with persons with AIDS. Clinical Social Work Journal, 20(4), 421-430.

Zingaro, J. C. (1983). Confidentiality: To tell or not to tell. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 70, 362-367.


DUAL RELATIONSHIPS

Borys, D. S., & Pope, K. S. (1989). Dual relationships between therapist and client: A national study of psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20(5), 283-293.

Craig, J. D. (1991). Preventing dual relationships in pastoral counseling. Counseling and Values, 36(1), 49-54.

Donigian, J. (1991, Winter). Dual relationships: An ethical issue. Together, 19(2), 6-7.

Forester-Miller, H., & Duncan, J. A. (1990). The ethics of dual relationships in the training of group counselors. Special Issue: Ethical and legal issues in group work. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 15(2), 88-93.

Gottlieb, M. C., Sell, J. M., & Schoenfeld, L. S. (1988). Social/romantic relationships with present and fromer clients: State licensing board actions. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(4), 459-462.

Gross, D. R., & Robinson, S. E. (1987). Ethics in counseling: A multiple role perspective. TACD Journal, 15(1), 5-15.

Kagel, J., & Giebelhausen, P. (1994). Dual relationships and professional boundaries. Social Work, 39, 213-220.

Kitchener, K. S. (1988). Dual role relationships: What makes them so problematic?. Journal of Counseling and Development, 67(4), 217-221.

Lloyd, A. P. (1990). Dual relationships in group activities: A counselor education accreditation dilemma. Journal of Specialists in Group Work, 15, 83-87.

Pope, K. S. (1985). Dual relationships: A violation of ethical, legal, and clinical standards. California State Psychlolgist, 20(3), 4-6.

Pope, K. S. (1991). Dual relationships in psychotherapy. Ethics and Behavior, 1(1), 21-34.

Ramsdell, P., & Ramsdell, E. (1993). Dual relationships: Client perceptions of the effect of client-counselor relationship on the therapeutic process. Clinical Social Work Journal, 21, 195-212.

Reyes, D. M (1991, Winter). Dual relationships: A student's view. Together, 19, 6.

Rinella, V., & Gerstein, A. (1994). The development of dual relationships: Power and professional responsibility. International Journal of Law and Pschiatry, 17, 225-237.

Ryder, R., & Hepworth, J. (1990). AAMFT ethical code: Dual relationships. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 16(2), 127-132.

Schafer, C. (1990, March 1). Ethics: Dual relationships come under scrutiny. Guidepost, pp. 1, 3, 16.

Stadler, H. A. (1986). To counsel or not to counsel: The ethical dilemma of dual relationships. Journal of Counseling and Human Services Professionals, 1, 134-140.

Vinson, J. (1989, September/October). Reflections on dual relationships: Therapist beware. The California Therapist, pp. 15-17.


ETHICS -- GENERAL

American Counselor Association, Position Statements (1983). School Counselor, 201-8.

American Psychological Association. (1990). Ethical principles revised. The APA Monitor, 21(6), 28-32.

American Psychological Association Ethics Committee. (1986). Report of the ethics committee: 1986. American Psychologist, 42, 730-734.

American Psychological Association Ethics Committee. (1988). Trends in ethics cases, common pitfalls, and published resources. American Psychologist, 43, 564-572.

Bishop, B. & D'Rozario, P. (1990). A matter of ethics? A comment on Pryor (1989). Australian Psychologist, 25(2), 215-219.

Claiborn, C. D. (1994). The client's perspective: Ethical judgments and perceptions of therapist practices. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 25, 268-274.

Corey, G., & Corey, M. S. (1991, January 17). Learning to wrestle with ethical dilemmas [Focus on Graduate Students]. Guidepost, p. 25.

Eisenman, R. (1991). Sex differences in the perception of ethics? A comment on Robinson and Gross. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 13(1), 144-146.

Gumaer, J. (1982). Ethics and experts. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 7(3), 154-161.

Hillerbrand, E. T., & Claiborn, C. D. (1988). Ethical knowledge exhibited by clients and nonclients. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(5), 527-531.

Ferris, P. A., & Linville, M. E. (1985). The child's rights: Whose responsibility? Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 10, 172-180.

Holt, P. A. (1989). Differential effect of status and interest in the process of compromise. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(1), 42-46.

Hotelling, K. (1991). Sexual harassment: A problem shielded by silence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 497-501.

Howard, S. (1991). Organizational resources for addressing sexual harassment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 507-511.

Howland, P. & Palmer, R. (1992). Ethics and computer guidance: Uneasy partners. Journal of Career Planning and Employment, 52(4) 38-41.

Kelly, E. W. (1972). The ethics of creative growth. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 51(3), 171-176.

Kottler, J. A. (1982). Ethics come of age. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 7 (3), 138-139.

Rigor, S. (1991). Gender dilemmas in sexual harassment policies and procedures. American Psychologist, 46, 497-505.

Rubin, S. E., & Millard, R. P. (1991). Ethical principles and American public policy on disability. Journal of Rehabilitation, 57(1), 13-16.

Schramski, T. G., & Giovando, K. (1993). Sexual orientation, social interest, and exemplary practice. Individual Psychology Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research and Practice, 49, 199-204.

Slaughter, John Brooks, (1992). A matter of ethics. Behavioral Science, 37, 227-231.

Tarvydas, V. M. (1987). Decision-making models in ethics: Models for increased clarity & wisdom. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 18(4), 50-52.

Tarvydas, V. M., & Cottone, R. R. (1991). Ethical responses to legislative, organizational, and economic dynamics: A four level model of ethical practice. Special Issue: Disability policy and the laws: Implications for professional practice in the 1990's: II. Implications for professional practice. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 22(4), 11-18.

Trevino, L.K. & Ball, G.A. (1992). The social implications of punishing unethical behavior: Observers' cognitive and affective reactions. Journal of Management, 18(4), 751-768.

Vash, C. (1987). Fighting another's battles: When is it helpful? Professional? Ethical?. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 18(4), 15-16.


ETHICS IN COUNSELOR EDUCATION ISSUES

Agresti, A.A. (1992). Counselor training and ethical issues with older clients. Counselor Education and Supervision, 32(1), 43-50.

Alonso, A. (1983). A developmental theory of psychodynamic supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 1(3), 23-26.

Anonymous. (1991). Sexual harassment: A female counseling student's experience. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 502-506.

Assouline, S. G. (1989). "Developing moral responsibilities through professional education": Comment. Counseling and Values, 34(1), 47-49.

Bartell, P. A., & Rubin, L. J. (1990). Dangerous liaisons: Sexual intimacies in supervision. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21(6), 442-450.

Burns, C. I., & Holloway, E. L. (1989). Therapy in supervision: An unresolved issue. Clinical Supervisor, 7(4), 47-50.

Cormier, L. S., & Bernard, J. M. (1982). Ethical and legal responsibilities of clinical supervisors. Personnel and Guidance journal, 60, 486-491.

Coverdale, J.H., Bayer, T., Isbell, P. & Moffic, S. (1992). Are we teaching psychiatrists to be ethical? American Psychiatric Association 144th Annual Meeting (1991, New Orleans, LA). Academic Psychiatry, 16(4), 199-205.

Dimson, C. (1994). Ethical issues in the treatment of applicants to APA-accredited Ph.D. programs. Psychological Reports, 74, 1323-1330.

Eberlein, L. (1987). Introducing ethics to beginning psychologists: A problem-solving approach. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 18(4), 353-359.

Gawthrop, J. C., & Uhlemann, M. R. (1992). Effects of the problem solving approach in ethics training. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 23(1), 38-42.

Greene, B. (1994). Teaching ethics in psychotherapy. Women & Therapy, 15, 17-28.

Handelsman, M. M. (1989). Ethics training at mental health centers. Community Mental Health Journal, 25(1), 42-49.

Harrar, W. R., VandeCreek, L., & Knapp, S. (1990). Ethical and legal aspects of clinical supervision. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21(1), 37-41.

Hauge, W. J. (1989). Educating for response-able counseling. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 23(4), 340-347.

Hayes, R. L. (1991). Group work and the teaching of ethics. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 16(1), 24-31.

Kaiser, Tamara L., (1992). The supervisory relationship: An identification of the primary elements in the relationship and an application of two theories of ethical relationships. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 18, 283-296.

Kurpius, D., Gibson, G., Lewis, J., & Corbet, M. (1991). Ethical issues in supervising counseling practitioners. Counselor Education and Supervision, 31(1), 48-57.

Nelson, M. L., & Holloway, E. L. (1990). Relation of gender to power and involvement in supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, 473-481.

Newman , A. S. (1981). Ethical issues in the supervision of psychotherapy. Professional Psychology, 12, 690-695.

Patrick, K. D. (1989). Unique ethical dilemmas in counselor training. Counselor Education and Supervision, 28(4), 337-341.

Pierce, K. A., & Baldwin, C. (1990). Participation versus privacy in the training of group counselors. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 15(3), 148-158.

Plaut, M. (1993). Boundary issues in teacher-student relationships. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 19, 210-219.

Pope, K. S., Schover, L. R., & Levenson, H. (1980). Sexual behavior between clinical supervisors and trainees: Implications for professional standards. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 11, 157-162.

Post, P. (1989). The use of the ethical judgment scale in counselor education. Counselor Education and Supervision, 28(3), 229-233.

Roberts, G. T., Murrell, P. H., Thomas, R. E., & Claxton, C. S. (1982). Ethical concerns for counselor educators. Counselor Education and Supervision, 22, 8-14.

Rodolfa, E. R., Kitzrow, M., Vohra, S., & Wilson, B. (1990). Training interns to respond to sexual dilemmas. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 21(4), 313-315.

Sherry, P. (1991). Ethical issues in the conduct of supervision. Counseling Psychologist, 19(4), 566-584.

Slimp, P., O'Connor, A., & Burian, B. (1994). Multiple role relationships during internship: Consequences and recommendations. Professional Psycholgy Research and Practice, 25, 39-45.

Stadler, H. A., & Paul, R. D. (1986). Counselor educators' preparation in ethics. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64, 328-330.

Tabachnick, B. G., Keith-Spiegel, P., & Pope, K. S. (1991). Ethics of teaching: Beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as educators. American Psychologist, 46(5), 506-515.

Upchurch, D. W. (1985). Ethical standards and the supervisory process. Counselor Education and Supervision, 25, 90-98.

Vasquez, M. J. T., & Eldridge, N. S. (1994). Bringing ethics alive: Training practitioners about gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation issues. Special Issue: Bringing ethics alive: Feminist ethics in psychotherapy practice. Women and Therapy, 15, 1-16.

Werth, J. (1994). Incorporating HIV-related issues into graduate student training. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 25, 458-464.

Whiston, S. C., & Emerson, S. (1989). Ethical implications for supervisors in counseling of trainees. Counseling Education and Supervision, 28(4), 318-325.


ETHICS IN TRANSCULTURAL COUNSELING

Burn, D. (1992). Ethical implications in cross-culteral counseling and training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70(5), 578-583.

Casas, J. M. & Thompson, C. E. (1991). Ethical Principles and Standards: A racial-ethnic minority research perspective. Counseling and Values, 35(3), 186-195.

Casas, J. M. & Thompson, C. E. (1991). "Ethical Principles and Standards: A racial-ethnic minority research perspective": Reply. Counseling and Values, 35(3), 207-210.

Chambers, T. (1991). "Ethical Principles and Standards: A racial-ethnic minority research perspective": Comment. Counseling and Values, 35(3), 202-204.

Gumaer, J., & Martin, D. (1990). Group ethics: A multicultural model for training knowledge and skill competencies. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 15(2), 94-103.

Ibrahim, F. A., & Arredondo, P. M. (1986). Ethical standards for cross-cultural counseling: Counselor preparation, practice, assessment and research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64(5), 349-352.

Ivey, A. E. (1987). The multi-cultural practices of therapy: Ethics, empathy, and dialectics. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5(2), 195-204.

Lee, C. C. (1991). "Ethical principles and standards: A racial-ethnic minority research perspective": Comment. Counseling and Values, 35(3), 200-202.


FEMINIST ETHICS

Brown, L. S. (1991). Antiracism as an ethical imperative: An example from feminist therapy. Ethics and Behavior, 1(2), 113-127.

Brown, L. S. (1991). Ethical issues in feminist therapy. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15(2), 323-336.

Gatens, R.E., & Tarvydas, V.M. (1992). Ethics of care, women's perspectives and the status of the mainstream rehabilitation ethical analysis. Special Issue: Women with disabilities: Issues of empowerment, influence, and caring. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 23(4), 26-33.

Lakin, M. (1991). Some ethical issues in feminist oriented therapeutic groups for women. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 41(2), 199-215.

Lerman, H. (1994). The practice of ethics within feminist therapy. Special Issue: Briging ethics alive: Feminist ethics in psychotherapy practice. Women and Therapy, 15, 1-16.

McBride, M. C. (1990). Autonomy and the struggle for female identity: Implications for counseling women. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69(1), 22-26.

LAW AND LEGISLATION IN COUNSELING

Applebaum, P. S., & Rosenbaum, A. (1989). Tarasoff and the researcher: Soes the duty to protect apply in the research setting? American Psychologist, 44(6), 885-894.

Bader, E. (1994). Dual Relationships: Legal and ethical trends. Transactional Analysis Journal, 24, 64-66.

Bersoff, D., Glass, D., & Blain, N. (1994). Legal issues in the assessment and treatment of individuals with dual diagnoses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 55-63.

Brooks, D. K., & Gerstein, L. H. (1990). Conselor credentialing and interprofessional collaboration. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68(5), 477-484.

Bullis, R. K. (1991). "Gag rules" and chastity clauses: Legal and ethical consequenses of Title X and the AFLA for professionals in human Sexuality. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 17(2), 91-102.

Bullis, R. K. (1992). The Supreme Court's legacy of abortion counseling: Ethics and implications. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 18, 186-199.

Cambin, L. D., & Prout, H. T. (1983). School counselors and the reporting of child abuse: A survey of state laws and practices. School Counselor, 30, 358-367.

Cohen, K. (1992). Some legal issues in counselling and psychotherapy. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20, 10-26.

Coll, K. M. (1991). Mandatory psychiatric withdrawal from public colleges and universities: A review of potential legal violations and appropriate use. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 5(3), 91-98.

Costa, L. (1994). Duty to warn guidelines for mental health counselors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 72, 346-351.

Cummings, N. A. (1990). The credentialing of professional psychologists and its implications for the other mental health disciplines. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68(5), 485-490.

Friesen, W., & Deuck, A. (1988). Whatever happened to the law?. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 7(1), 13-22.

Froese, A. P. (1991). Minors' right to psychiatric treatment. Special issue: Child and adolescent psychiatry. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 36(6), 452-455.

Fulero, S. M. (1989). Tarasoff: 10 years later. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(2), 84-93.

Gerhig, D. D. (1982). The counselor's "duty to warn". Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61(4), 208-210.

Gorman, C. (1995). Memory on trial. Time, 145, 54-56.

Handeleman, M. M. (1987). Confidentiality: The ethical baby in the legal bath water. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 18(4), 33-34.

Hendrickson, R. M. (1982). Counselor liability: Does the risk require insurance coverage? Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61(3), 205-207.

Knapp, S., Vandecreek, L., &Zirkel, P. A. (1985). Legal research techniques: What the psychologist needs to know. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 16(3), 363-372.

La Forge, J., Henderson, P. (1990). Counselor competency in the courtroom. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68(4), 456-459.

Lamb, D. H., Clark, C., Drumheller, P., & Frizzell, K. (1989). Applying Tarasoff to AIDS-related psychotherapy issues. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 20(1), 37-43.

Leslie, R. (1989, September/ October). Dual relationships: The legal view. The California Therapist, pp. 9-13.

Leslie, R. (1990, March/April). The dangerous patient: Tarasoff revisited. The California Therapist, pp. 11-14.

Leslie, R. (1991, January/February). Dual relationships hearings held. The California Therapist, pp. 18-19.

Leslie, R. (1991, July/August). Psychotherapist-patient privilege clarified. The California Therapist, pp. 11-19.

Levine, J., & Lawlor, B. A. (1991). Family counseling and legal issues in Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 385-396.

Margolin, G. (1982). Ethical and Legal considerations in marital and family therapy. American Psychologist, 37(7), 788-801.

Meyers, C. J. (1987). Hard cases: The "duty to warn" as a felt necessity of our time. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 15(2), 189-204.

Nolte, M. C. (1982). How to keep your guidance counselor out of court. American School Board Journal, 164, 44-45.

Paradise, L. V., & Kirby, P. C. (1990). Some perspectives on the legal liability for group counseling in private practice. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 15(2), 114-118.

Piazza, N. J., & Baruth, B. E. (1990). Client record guidelines. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68(3), 313-316.

Pictrofesa, J. J., Pictrofesa, C. J., & Pictrofesa, J. D. (1990). The mental health counselor and "duty to warn". Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 12(2), 129-137.

Podgers, J. (1995). Compromising confidences: Recent court rulings weaken privileges protecting private communications. ABA Journal, 81, 46-48.

Shah, S. (1978). Dangerousness: A paradigm for exploring some issues in law and psychology. American Psychologist, 33, 224-238.

Slimak, R. E., & Berkowitz, S. F. (1983). The university and college counselor center and malpractice suits. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61, 291-295.

Standard, R. (1995). Legal and ethical implications of HIV and duty to warn for counselors: Does Tarasoff apply? Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 397-401.

Talbutt, L. C. (1982). Legal issues impacting on counselors. Counseling and Human Development, 14(2), 1-12.

Talbutt, L. C. (1983). The counselor and testing: Some legal concerns. School Counselor, 30, 245-250.

Talbutt, L. C. (1983). Libel and slander: A potential problem for the 1980's. School Counselor, 30, 164-168.

Totten, G., Lamb, D. H., & Reeder, G. D. (1990). Tarasoff and confidentiality in AIDS-related psychotherapy. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 21(3), 155-160.

Jeffrey, T. B., Rankin, R. J., & Jeffrey, L. K. (1992). In service of two masters: The ethical-legal dilemma faced by military psychologists. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 23(2), 91-95.

Shah, S. (1978). Dangerousness: A paradigm for exploring some issues in law and psychology. American Psychologist, 33, 224-238.


MALPRACTICE

Hendrickson, R. M. (1982). Counselor liability: Does the risk require insurance coverage? Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61 (3), 205-207.

Jobes, D.A. & Berman, A.L. (1993). Suicide and malpractice liability: Assessing and revising policies, procedures, and practice in outpatient settings. Professional Psychology Reasearch and Practice, 24(1), 91-99.

Slimak, R. E., & Berkowitz, S. F. (1983). The university and college counselor center and malpractice suits. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61, 291-295.


MEDICAL ETHICS

Battin, M. P. (1992, Spring-Summer). Voluntary euthanasia and the risk of abuse: Can we learn anything from the Netherlands? (Current Issues in Miomedical Ethics). Law Medicine Health Care, (1-2), 133-143.

Cavallaro, M. L., & Ramsey, M.L. (1988). Ethical issues in gero-counseling. Special Issue: The legacy of Lawrence Kohlberg. Counseling and Values, 32(3), 221-227.

English, E. (1991). Runaway and street youth at risk for HIV infection: Legal and ethical issues in access to care. Special Issue: Homeless youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 12(7), 504-510.

Erickson, S. H. (1990). Counseling the irresponsible AIDS client: Guidelines for decision making. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68(4), 454-455.

Erickson, S. H. (1993). Ethics and confidentiality in AIDS counseling: A professional dilemma. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 15, 118-131.

Garrett, C. (1995). HIV serosurveillance of newborns: A clinician's perspective of legislative, political, and ethical issues. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 12, 29-34.

Gostin, L., Lazzarini, Z., Alexander, D., Brandt, A., Mayer, K., & Silverman, D. (1994). HIV testing, counseling, and prophylaxis after sexual assault. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 1436-1445.

Hackney, A. (February/March 1993). Truth about drugs... informed consent of the client... administration of neuroleptic drugs. Nursing Times, 89(8), 66-68.

Headings, V. E. (1989). Functional and ethical characteristics of the relationship between genetic counselor and client. Loss, Grief and Care, 3(3-4), 47-57.

Hoffman, B. F., et al (1989). AIDS: Clinical and ethical issues on a psychiatric unit. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 34(9), 847-852.

Kleinman, I. (1991). HIV transmission: Ethical and legal considerations in psychotherapy. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 36(2), 121-123.

Lavin, M. (1994). Prescribing our future: Ethical challenges in genetic counseling. Ethics, 104, 927-928.

Mariner, W. K. (1990). The ethical conduct of clinical trials of HIV vaccines. Evaluation Review, 14(5), 538-564.

Melton, G. B. (1991). Ethical judgements amid uncertainty: Dilemmas in the AIDS epidemic. Counseling Psychologist, 19(4), 561-565.

Mertus, J. A. (1990). Fake abortion clinics: The threat to reproductive self-determination. Women and Health, 16(1), 95-113.

Pellegrino, E. (1984). Conscience, virtue, integrity, and medical ethics [Editorial]. Journal of Medical Ethics, 10(4), 171-172.

Pelosi, A. J., & David, A. S. (1990). Ethical implications of the new genetics for psychiatry. International Review of Psychiatry, 1(4), 315-320.

Simberkoff, M. S. (1989). Ethical aspects in the care of patients with AIDS. Neurologic Clinics, 7(4), 871-882.


MORAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY,
PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELING -- GENERAL

Ajzen, R. (1973). Human value and counseling. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 52(2), 77-81.

Beamish, P. M., Navin, S. L., & Davidson, P. (1994). Ethical dilemmas in marriage and family therapy: A constructivist/ecosystem view. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 16, 129-142.

Bernard, J. M. (1991). Ethical codes invite dialogue: A response to Ryder and Hepworth. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 17(1), 93-94.

Bond, T. (1992). Ethical issues in counselling in education. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20, 51-63.

Brace, K. (1992). Nonrelativist ethical standards for goal setting in psychotherapy. Ethics and Behavior, 2,(1), 15-38.

Cooper, G. F. (1992). Ethical issues in counseling and psychotherapy: The background. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20, 1-9.

Corey, G. (1989a). Commentary on Leonid Gozman's article "Ethical aspects of psychological therapy." Journal of Counseling and Human Service Professions, 3(3), 8-10.

Cowger, E. L., & Larrabee, M. J. (1993). Making sense out of changes in ethical standards. School Counselor, 40, 348-355.

Daubner, E. V., & Daubner, E. S. (1970). Ethics and counseling decisions. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 48(6), 434-442.

Epstein, R. S., & Simon, R. I. (1990). The exploitation index: An early warning indicator of boundary violations in psychotherapy. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 54(4), 450-465.

Figlio, K. (1993). The field of psychotherapy: Conceptual and ethical definitions. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 9, 324-335.

Finkelstein, L. (1992). Moral issues and superego problems in marital therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 2, 53-78.

Foltz, M. L., Kirby, P. C., & Paradise. L. V. (1988). The influence of empathy and negative consequences on ethical decisions in counseling situations. Counseling Education and Supervision, 28(3), 219-228.

Gelso, C. (1990). The morality of influencing in counseling: Comment. Counseling and Values, 34, 121-124.

Gibson, W.T. & Pope, K.S. (1993). The ethics of counseling: A national survey of certified counselors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(3), 330-336.

Glenn, C. M. (1980). Ethical issues in the practice of child psychology. Professional Psychology, 11(4), 613-619.

Goodyear, R. K., & Sinnett, E. R. (1984). Current and emerging ethical issues for counseling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 12(3-4), 87-98.

Gordon, R. M. (1993). Ethics based on protection of the transference. Issues in Psychoanalytic Psychology, 15, 95-106.

Gozman, L. (1989). Ethical aspects of psychological therapy. Journal of Counseling and Development, 3(3), 3-7.

Grebe, S. C., Irvin, K., & Lang, M. (1990). A model for ethical decision making. Mediation Quarterly, 7(2), 133-148.

Green, S. L., & Hansen, J. C. (1989). Ethical dilemmas faced by family therapists. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 15(2), 149-158.

Hall, J. E., & Hare-Mustin, R. T. (1983). Sanctions and the diversity of ethical complaints against psychologists. American Psychologist, 38, 714-729.

Hare-Mustin, R. T., & Hall, J. E. (1979). Rights of clients, responsibilities of therapists. American Psychologist, 34, 3-16.

Hare-Mustin, R. T., & Hall, J. E. (1981). Procedures for responding to ethics complaints against psychologists. American Psychologist, 36(12), 1494-1505.

Herlihy, B., Healy, M., Cook, E. P., & Hudson, P. (1987). Ethical practices of licensed professional counselors: A survey of state licensing boards. Counselor Education and Supervision, 27, 69-76.

Higgs, R., & Dammers, J. (1992). Ethical issues in counselling and health in primary care. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20, 27-38.

Hill, D. (1992). Ethical issues in marital and sexual counseling. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20, 75-89.

Ivey, A.E., & Rigazia, S.A. (1992). Counseling and Psychotherapy as moral and spiritual practice: Facing a major paradigm shift. Counseling and Values, 37(1), 39-48.

Jordan, A. E., & Meara, N. M. (1990). Ethics and the professional practice of psychologists: The role of virtues and principles. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21(2), 107-114.

Kertay, L., & Reviere, S. L. (1993). The use of touch in psychotherapy: Theoretical and ethical considerations. Psychotherapy, 30, 32-40.

Kimmel, A. J. (1991). Predictable biases in the ethical decision making of American psychologists. American Psychologist, 46(7), -786-788.

Kinzie, J. David., & Boehnlein, James K. (1993). Psychotherapy of the victims of massive violence: Countertransferernce and ethical issues. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 47, 90-102.

Kitchener, K. S. (1984). Intuition, critical evaluation and ethical principles: The foundation for ethical decisions in counseling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 12(3-4), 43-55.

Kitchener, K. S. (1991). The foundations of ethical practice. Special Issue: Mental health counselor training across the career lifespan. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 13(2), 236-246.

Kottler, J. A. (1982). Unethical behaviors we all do pretend we do not. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 7 (3), 182-186.

Ladd, E. T. (1971). Counselor, confidences and civil liberties of clients. Personnel and Guidance Journal. 50(4), 261-268.

Linzer, N. (1990). Ethics and human service practice. Human Service Education, 10(1), 15-22.

Mabe, A., & Rollin, S. (1986). The role of a code of ethical standards in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64, 294-297.

Miller, T. R., Scott, R., & Searight, H. R. (1990). Ethics for marital and family therapy and subsequent training issues. Family Therapy, 17(2), 163-171.

Narvaez, D. (1991). Counseling for morality: A look at the Four-Component Model. Journal of Psychology and Chritianity, 10, 358-365.

O'Rourke, K., Snider, B.W., &Thomas, J.M. (1992). Knowing and practicing ethics(part of a special section on: ethical issues in child and adolescent psychiatry). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 259-267.

Pape, D. A. (1987). A code of ethics as a working document. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 18(4), 48-49.

Patten, C., Barnett, T., & Houlihan, D. (1991). Ethics in marital and family therapy: A review of the literature. Professional Psychology Reasearch and Practice, 22(2), 171-175.

Piercy, F. P., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1983). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in family therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9(4), 393-401.

Pollack, W. S. (1992). Should men treat women? Dilemmas for the male psychotherapist: Psychoanalytic and developmenta perspectives. Ethics and Behavior, 2(1), 39-49.

Pope, K. S. (1986) New trends in malpractice cases and changes in APA's liability insurance. Independent Practice, 6(4), 23-26.

Pope, K.S., (1992). Ethical dilemmas encountered by members of the American Psychological Association: A national survery. American Psychologist, 47, 397-411.

Pope, K. S. (1993). Ethics in Psychotherapy and counseling: A practical guide for psychologists. Families in Society, 74, 315-317.

Pope, K. S., Tabachnick, B. G., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (1987). Ethics of practice: The beliefs and behavior of psychologists as therapists. American Psychologist, 42, 993-1006.

Robinson, S. E., & Gross, D. R. (1989). Applied ethics and the mental health counselor. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 11(3), 289-299.

Schwebel, M. (1955). Why unethical practice?. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2, 122-128.

Searight, H. R., & Merkel, W. T. (1991). Systems theory and its discontents: Clinical and ethical issues. American Journal of Family Therapy, 19, 19- 31.

Sell, J. M., Gottlieb, M. C., & Schoenfeld, L. (1986). Ethical considerations of social/romantic relationships with present and former clients. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 17(6), 504-508.

Smith, T. S., McGuire, J. M., Abbott, D. W., & Blau, B. I. (1991). Clinical ethical decision making: An investigation of the rationales used to justify doing less than one believes one should. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22(3), 235-239.

Special focus on ethical issues. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, (1985), 19 (3), 170-210.

Sugarman, L. (1992). Ethical issues in counselling at work. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20, 64-74.

Tranel, D. (1994). The release of psychological data to nonexperts: Ethical and legal considerations. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 25, 33-39.

Van Hoose, W. (1980). Ethics and counseling. Counseling and Human Development, 13(1), 1-12.

Vasquez, M. (1994). Implications of the 1992 ethics code for the practice of individual psychotherapy. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 25, 237-244.

Wilcoxon, S. A., & Gladding, S. T. (1985). Engagement and termination in marital and familial therapy: Special ethical issues. American Journal of Family Therapy, 13(4), 65-71.

Wilcoxon, S.A. (1992). The revised AACD ethical standards: New clarity and new uncertainty. School Counselor, 40(1), 4-9.

Woody, J. D. (1990), Resolving ethical concerns in clinical practice: Toward a pragmatic model. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 16(2), 133-150.

Zemlick, M. J. (1980). Ethical standards: Cosmetics for the face of the Profession
of Psychology. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 17(4), 448-453.


MORALS, MORAL THEORY AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Luboshitsky, D., & Weil, F. (1993). Ethical and moral dilemmas in the treatment of an abusive parent: The occupational therapy perspective. Medicine and Law, 12, 221-227.

McGrath, G. (1994). Ethics, boundaries, and contracts: Applying moral principles. Transactional Analysis Journal, 24, 6-14.

Markowitz, L. (1994). Therapy and the moral imperative: When a therapist should say "should." Utne-Reader, 63, 22-24.

Schulte, J. M. (1990). The morality of influencing in counseling. Counseling and Values, 34(2), 103-118.

Strom, S. M., & Tennyson, W. W. (1989). Developing moral responsibilities through professional education. Counseling and Values, 34